地学前沿 | 研究表明,捕虾将带来更多二氧化碳?
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渔船正在捕获比以往任何时候都要多的小虾和龙虾——尽管这对于你下一次前往海鲜餐馆就餐可能是好消息,但对于气候变化来说并不是好事。一项最新研究显示,捕鱼船释放的二氧化碳量在1990~2011年间增加了28%,而这在很大程度上归咎于对这些高档海鲜的更大捕获量。
此项发现尤其令人担忧,原因在于过去20年间,一些捕捞船变得更加节能,同时针对过剩捕捞船的并购减少了竞争以及穿行的距离。但捕捞小虾和龙虾产生的额外的二氧化碳超过了这些收益。在水中拉网增加了大量阻力并且要求更低的速度,而这两种因素均能迅速耗尽燃料箱。捕捞龙虾还需要很多柴油来放置、检查和回收陷阱。尽管开支增加,但需求一直有增无减。2011年,捕获的甲壳类动物量比1990年增加了60%。这一较大增幅超过了任何一种其他海鲜。研究人员在日前出版的《自然—气候变化》杂志上报告了这一成果。
总的来说,在捕捞产生的二氧化碳中,甲壳类动物占据了22%,尽管其捕获量仅占到渔业捕捞总量的6%。考虑到燃料价格自2008年起一直在下降,科学家预测这一趋势将持续下去。不过,龙虾和在野外捕获的小虾的碳强度比大多数牛羊小。因此,海鲜仍然打败了牛排。研究人员还介绍说,迄今为止,对气候最友好的海鲜是小型远洋鱼类,比如沙丁鱼、鲱鱼和凤尾鱼。(来源:科学网 徐徐)
Nature Climate Change 刊载链接:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0117-x
Fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions of world fisheries
Robert W. R. Parker, Julia L. Blanchard, Caleb Gardner, Bridget S. Green, Klaas Hartmann, Peter H. Tyedmers & Reg A. Watson
Abstract
Food production is responsible for a quarter of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Marine fisheries are typically excluded from global assessments of GHGs or are generalized based on a limited number of case studies. Here we quantify fuel inputs and GHG emissions for the global fishing fleet from 1990–2011 and compare emissions from fisheries to those from agriculture and livestock production. We estimate that fisheries consumed 40 billion litres of fuel in 2011 and generated a total of 179 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent GHGs (4% of global food production). Emissions from the global fishing industry grew by 28% between 1990 and 2011, with little coinciding increase in production (average emissions per tonne landed grew by 21%). Growth in emissions was driven primarily by increased harvests from fuel-intensive crustacean fisheries. The environmental benefit of low-carbon fisheries could be further realized if a greater proportion of landings were directed to human consumption rather than industrial uses.
资料来源:科学网 & Nature Climate Change 官网
本期编辑:王丽佳 李咪 张英男 彭玏
审核:任宇飞 王冠
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